UNDERSTANDING GMOS: THE ONGOING DEBATE OVER GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS IN OUR FOOD

Contemporary society brings with it various heated debates and arguably one of the most controversial topics revolves around the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in the food we consume. This article aims to shed light on what GMOs are, the science behind them, their reasons for use in agriculture, and the pros and cons of their consumption. The goal is to present you with objective, balanced information which will empower you to make an educated decision about GMOs in your diet.

What are GMOs?

Genetically Modified Organisms, better known as GMOs, are organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination. For the most part, modification happens through a process called biolistics or gene gun, where selected genes are fired into a cell's nucleus.

The science behind GMOs

The science underpinning GMOs is, in essence, genetic engineering. Genetic engineering enables science to take a characteristic (gene) from one organism and transfer it to another, giving it new abilities it did not previously possess. For example, scientists have engineered rice to produce beta-carotene, which the body can convert to Vitamin A, in a bid to combat vitamin A deficiency in some parts of the world.

Why GMOs are used in agriculture

GMOs have various advantages in agricultural practice. They can make crops resistant to pests and diseases, thus reducing the need for pesticides and increasing yield. They can also introduce certain traits to crops, like salt, drought resistance, or enhanced nutrition, hence increasing the robustness and value of production.

The Two Sides of the Debate

There are compelling arguments both for and against the use of GMOs.

Supporters of GMOs

Proponents argue that GMOs can solve world hunger by increasing food production and nutrition value. Furthermore, they believe that GMOs can reduce the use of pesticides, thus being friendlier to the environment. They cite studies like the one by the National Academy of Sciences in 2016 which concluded that GMOs are safe to eat.

Opponents of GMOs

On the other hand, critics warn against potential health risks of GMO consumption which might not have surfaced yet due to the relatively recent introduction of GMOs. They are also concerned about the environmental impact of GMO cultivation and the risk of GMOs escaping into the wild. The American Academy of Environmental Medicine, for instance, has urged doctors to prescribe non-GMO diets to all patients, citing animal studies showing organ damage, gastrointestinal and immune system disorders, accelerated aging, and infertility related to GMO consumption.

Regulation of GMOs

Many regulatory bodies around the world, such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) affirm the safety of GMOs. However, their regulation varies across nations, with labelling requirements wildly different. For instance, over 40 countries require GMO foods to be labelled, but the U.S. does not.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the choice to accept or reject GMOs in one's diet lies with the individual. However, that decision should be based on well-informed understanding rather than fear or misinformation. As science continues to evolve, so too will our understanding of GMOs and their effects on our health and our environment.